![]() Omega-3 EFA deprivation may predispose individuals to ocular disease in later life. 5 In addition, significant literature has considered the association between omega-3 fatty acid intake and eye health. ![]() 2ĭiets rich in omega-3 EFAs are associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease mortality, 3 attenuated age-related cognitive decline, 4 and a decreased risk of late-stage age-related macular degeneration. As omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids compete in vivo for enzymes regulating their metabolism, the ratio of consumed omega-3 to omega-6 EFAs determines the inflammatory status of the body, with omega-3s biasing prostaglandin metabolism towards the production of anti-inflammatory eicosanoids. The omega-6 fatty acids are the other major class, which derive from the diet in the form of linolenic acid. Omega-3 fatty acids exist as short- (α-linolenic acid ) and long-chain (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid ) subtypes. Humans cannot form EFAs in vivo and must ingest them from dietary sources. 1 Of particular interest has been whether dietary omega-3 essential fatty acids (EFAs) can prevent and/or provide therapeutic management in a range of general health conditions, including cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, and systemic inflammatory disease. ![]() Increasing scientific evidence supports an association between dietary factors and long-term health outcomes.
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